Chronic changes in the varicose veins of the legs in the outflow of blood, as a result of the effect of mechanical, toxic, traumatic or other factors.
In order to understand the essence of the pathological process, you must refer to anatomical information.
The lower limbs are equipped with two main methods:
- Arterial branches- They carry oxygen -rich blood, which only provides useful compounds to the cells.
- Through the veins- Liquid tissues tolerate carbon dioxide and unnecessary substances needed for processing, and veins from the structures are involved in the reverse movement of blood.
It should be noted that different types of blood vessels are not connected or reported, the systems are completely closed.
Blood moves strictly in the same direction through the veins.The muscle layer in these structures is quite weak, with all work on special valves.They are like partitions, doors that do not pass the liquid tissue from the employee in the opposite direction.
Increased venous pressure, injuries, injuries and other factors are weakened by the valves.Blood moves backwards and the load on the walls of the blood vessels increases.Vienna often wear faster.
In addition to the mechanical effect, dial structures change their properties and size.Varicosis itself begins.
This disease is the deformation of the blood vessels, the decrease of their functional activity, the aneurysm -like protrusion of the walls along the entire length.
Varicosis is dangerous to the passage of time in the vein, to the formation of blood clots, to the death of local tissues- Treatment should begin immediately, from the moment the pathological process is detected.
A characteristic feature of the disorder is a relatively hurrying progression.The main contingent of patients is men and women over the age of 18.
Despite the relatively hurrying development, the disease behaves unpredictably.Never say in advance when critical complications develop.
The disease doctor is a philologist.
Development mechanism
The pathological process is based on heterogeneous factors, if it is generalized and consisted of approximately, the options will be as follows:
Mechanical influence
Increased physical activity on the veins of the legs.It can be found, for example, with intensive sports.More frequent opportunities for professional activities (builders, teachers, chefs and others suffer), increased body weight as the leg load increases.
There is every chance to overcome the pathological process in itself.The most important thing is to eliminate the abnormal factor.
Traumatic injuries of surrounding tissues
Not the veins themselves, but the areas around it.Soft structures, muscles, ligaments, partial and complete fractures.
There are two reasons for the formation of varicose veins: compression of blood vessels with altered tissues and uneven redistribution of the load on the lower limbs.
Interestingly, the criminals of varicosas can also be diseases of the muscle -bone system: arthritis and similarOr
Squeezing the legs of legs
This refers to external influence.Blood flow violations often provoke patients with their own unreasonable actions.
For example, it affects the wearing of tight tights or socks.Women who are ready for health are particularly similar in achieving beauty.
The legs of the region below the compression site are exposed to stagnant processes.Venous-lymphous outflow is significantly disturbed.This leads to progressive varicos.
There are cases where the pathological process began later, years later, from negative influence.
Hormonal balance
It affects disorders of the production of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and pituitary gland.
Change may affect other compounds: Hormones of reproductive system, androgens, estrogens.They partly regulate the sound of large blood vessels, blood vessels and arteries.
Genetic characteristics
According to research, infusion history plays almost the main role in developing the pathological process- This is not a trigger, but a clear prerequisite that increases the probability several times.
Of course, the presence of a relative with varicoosus does not guarantee the development of the pathological process, but the probability is significantly higher.
Prevention rules need to be followed to minimize risks.
Hypovitaminosis
It is necessary for normal work, regeneration of veins, arteries, ascorbic acid.In addition, without vitamins E, E, D., the restoration of blood vessels cannot be normal.They quickly wear out and lose their earlier flexibility.
If the deficiency status lasts for a long time, from several months to avoid changing the veins.
The disease develops faster than usual, and progress to the pronounced, dangerous phase lasts only a few months, up to a few years.
Vascular system
Views usually do not develop isolated.Other differences are found.Therefore, diagnosis is not problems.
Natural states
Pregnancy, severe childbirth, hormonal background characteristics during adolescence or closer to old age.
There are other mechanisms that are less common.For example, poisoning, exposure to the body of radiation and others.The most common.
Varico veins are a disease characterized by a difference system: vein deformations, formation of aneurysm, stars, thinning of the inner lining.The influence of a group of pathogenetic factors is possible.
Classification
The methods of the unit refer to the stage of the pathological process and its form.All right.
The technique used in medicine distinguishes three degrees of the disease:
- Compensated- The symptoms alone are missing, the patient does not complain about health.At the very beginning of the development of the pathological process.But there are already visible signs: the dilated veins pass through the thickness of the skin.For several years, the infringement is in a new phase.
- Compensation- Clinical symptoms of varicos are clearly expressed.Of these, you can distinguish the pain, the severity of the legs, the feeling of running goose bombs, the weakness, the night cramps.After rest, they come to nothing.There are also visible manifestations.You can make a diagnosis without problem.
- Decompensation- In addition to the symptoms already mentioned, numbness of the legs, loss of sensitivity, common skin rash, constant itchy and burns.
Tissue necrosis, there is a real risk of thrombosis.The treatment is urgent, otherwise you should not hand over disability.
Standing
The pathological process is generally accepted, international types in sections (classes):
- 0. The visible symptoms of disorders are minimal.Patients talk about the severity of the lower limbs.This phase may last indefinitely.
- 1. The stars are formed on the surface of the legs, the veins are expanded and visible.The clinic is the same.Maximum episodes of night seizures develop, which are interrupted as quickly and suddenly as they started.
- 2. The clinical symptoms are the same.By visual evaluation of the lower limbs, the doctor detects visible varicose veins from the veins: branch, protruding, complex deformations.
- 3. This is the edema pronounced from this section.
- 4. A rash appears, itchy varicose dermatitis.The skin above the surface of the injury changes the shade to dark, significantly compresses and dries.It will be thin because all mechanical effects are painful and has a deep comb.
- 5. Small erosions occur.
- 6. The entire tropical ulcer develops.
The pathological process lasts from 0 to Section 6 or several decades.
Symptoms
The clinical image depends on the phase of the disorder.If you showcase the average list of manifestations, the list will be as follows:
- Difficulty in the legs- Especially after a mechanical load, after a long -term working day.Walking, standing in one place becomes problematic.Over time, the symptom only increases, which indicates the progress of the infringement and allows the suspicion of varicos in the early stages.
- Physical activity intolerance- At first, the patient is unable to walk and then stand.If you start an abnormality, you will only get worse.One will not be able to climb the stairs without long breaks or breaks.The reason for this is the stagnation of the enlarged veins.
- The pain of different intensities- Missing in the initial stages.After a few months or years, the severity of the manifestation increases.Stupid, unpleasant feelings begin.
They increase after physical activity, with a sharp change in the body position.
In the final stages of the disease, the symptom remains continuously in the patient and does not disappear at all. - Visual changes from vessels- They look like an abnormal junction, the formation of stars on their legs.These manifestations clearly indicate the beginning of varicose veins.Therefore, diagnostics becomes easier over time.Only to clarify the changes and their degree localization.
- Swelling- gradually, they begin with the second or third phase of the pathological process.First - by the end of the day.Go after a night's rest.Then the volume changes remain constantly, they do not end at all.As a general rule, the signals are first and then to the other foot.
- Cramps in the dark- Violation of muscle tone, cramps, is one of the first varicose veins due to venous lymphatic outflow, tissue trophy and slowdown in cell breathing.
Cramps in the legsThey reign at night, accompanied by very severe pain.The patient should not stand on the affected leg during the day or even more.Gradually, the frequency of cramps will only be higher.
- Itching of skin- Varico veins alarm signal, which characterizes gradual dystrophic disorders.There is no ulcer in the early stages of erosion.But it's a matter of time.
- To change the shadow of Dermis- Hyperpigmentation.Darkening the skin surface.Closer to the final stage of the pathological process, the lower leg obtains a rich raspberry shade.
A typical symptom of varicosis of the lower limbs is the sealing of the skin above the lesion, which involves the gross scarring of the tissues on the surface of the epidermis, with the outer layer of the skin.
- The formation of a rash- So so -called varicose dermatitis.This is the port of the last phase of the pathological process.The small papules are very itchy and do not allow the patient to live normally.Complications are possible, secondary infection of wound surfaces.
- Trophy- a clinical sign characterized by the development of large erosion and the focus of tissue decline.First - superficial, then fat fiber.And not far from necrosis.Therefore, you cannot pull it with treatment.
The symptoms of varicose veins are caused by impaired tissue trophy, venous lymphous disorders, epidermal destruction and subcutaneous fats.
Clinical symptoms are moving slowly because there is every chance of starting timely treatment.The patient's job is not to miss an important pointOr
Profile professionals who need to contact - a flebologist, dermatologist, hematologist.
Reasons
Varicosis is a result of a combination of factors or one of its influence, but a very intense provocateur.
There are many options:
- Physical activity.Long walk, standing standing.Usually such a moment is associated with professional activities and lifestyle characteristics.
- Injuries.Fractures, complete or partial.Also bruises, damage to soft tissues.
- Hypovitaminosis.The absence of a substance b, E, D, ascorbic acid.
- Genetic factors.Hereditary moments, burdened family history.The likelihood of the pathological process increases, but there is no guarantee that the disease begins.
- Myosite in the background of hypothermia, physical overload.
- Arthritis.Arthritis.
- Hormonal imbalance.The thyroid gland, adrenal glands, lack of pituitary gland or excessive joints.
- Flebitis of the pots of the legs.Varicose veins are caused by infectious or non -petitioned veins.
- Vasculitis of the lower limbs.Autoimmune lesions.
- Pregnancy.As the hormonal background changes and the load on the legs, the entire muscle bone system increases.
- Pertic period.About 17-20 years.
- Menopausa (Andropausa).Menopause.Gradual damping of reproductive function.
The causes of varicos can be traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative, dystrophic.
Diagnosis
Flebologists are investigating.Only if necessary, other professionals will join.Between the methods:
- Oral survey.The doctor should understand the complaints the patient is.
- Hang -up collection.Study of the likely origin of the problem.
- Visual evaluation of the condition of the legs.On the basis, it is possible to examine the nature of the pathological process and its properties.
- Touch.Physical technique.
- Uzdg.Dopplerography of the pots of the legs.Allows the detection of anatomical changes from the lower limbs, the differences in blood flow.Used as a main methodology.This allows you to quickly make the diagnosis and study the degree of disorder.
- X -Ray.If there is such a need.
- In especially difficult cases, the doctor prescribes MRI.
The formation of varicose veins on the legs is sufficient, visually characteristic of the expansion of the veins of the lower limbs and can be diagnosed.The severity of the pathology should then be determined.
Treatment
The treatment in the initial stages is conservative.Overall, three approaches to correction can be distinguished.
Medicine- This includes systematic administration of medicines.They prescribe tools that stimulate microcirculation, bloodstream, valves, and protect the blood vessels from the destruction of further tissues.
Between the groups of money:
- Venotonics.
- Angioprotectors.
- Vitamins, antioxidants.
In addition, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, massage are actively prescribed, and compression binding is seen.
Conservative techniques are used in the initial stages of the disease or for complementary correction at another method.
Minimally invasive approach- Treatment of the varicoosus of the lower limbs involves the destruction of the affected blood vessels using a special sclerotic, liquid nitrogen.
The methodology of sclerotherapy or radio frequency ablation is used in the pronunciation, but not in critical stages of the disease.
Surgical approach- Treatment of varicose veins on the legs requires direct excision of laser, electrical currents or affected blood vessels - flebectomy.
The doctor removes the semi -structure, sews healthy areas, forming anastomosis.Blood flow is restored very soon.
There are many operational techniques.The choice remains with the doctor.
Forecast
The varicose of the legs are completely cured in the first three stages, then there are the risk of complications, in the tissues of the legs irreversible changes: ulcers, muscles atrophy and others.Although survival is still almost 100%.
Necrosis, common erosion, and sepsis are increased by ten times the probability of death.
Usually the disease is well treated.
Prevention
Preventive measures are very simple, the most important thing is to strictly adhere to them:
- Separations.You have to crush every hour or two hours.Especially with a sitting/permanent lifestyle.
- She wears comfortable shoes, socks, panties.Preferably from natural materials.
- Using compression knitwear.
- Light physical activity.Swimming, running.The most important thing is not to overload.
- Proper nutrition.Multiple vitaminized products.
- Optimal drinking mode.1.5-2 liters per day.
The lack of fluid is negatively affected, the blood is thickened, worsened on the blood vessels, and the pressure of the venous network increases.
Consequences
Complications can be deadly.Among the options:
- Muscle dystrophy.
- Paresis.A partial loss of sensitivity
- The formation of ulcer with the probability of secondary infection.
- Tissue necrosis.Gangrene.Especially with the defeat of the deep veins.
- Bombosis of the legs of the legs, thromboflebitis vessels.
- Blood poisoning.Blood poisoning.
- Disability.
The varicose veins of the lower limbs are (and not only) the loss of muscle functions (and not only) a pathological change in the shape, structure and elasticity of the legs.
The disease develops slowly, but without quality treatment, the result will be unfortunate.